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Environment Notes for IAS/PCS, Banking, IBPS, SSC & Railway etc
Initiatives to protect Environment, Ecology and Biodiversity
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), created in 1948, is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of n...
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit)
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) also known as Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit , Rio Summit, Rio Conference, and Earth Summit was held in Rio ...
Environment and Ecology
1) Environment Environment means anything that surround us, it includes animals, plants, soil, water and other living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things, physical, chemical an...
Major Biomes of the world
A biome is a large community of vegetation and wildlife adapted to a specific climate they exist in. The seven major types of biomes are Tundra, Taiga, Temperate deciduous forest, Tropical ra...
Protected areas in India (National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserves)
Protected Areas in India India has a network of around 868 Protected Areas covering a total of 1,65,088 km2 of geographical area of the country which is approximately...
Tiger conservation : Project Tiger, NTCA and Tiger Census-2018
What is Project Tiger ? Project Tiger is a tiger conservation program launched in April 1973 by the Government of India to stem the dwindling population of the big cats a...
What is a Wetland (Swamps, Marshes & Bogs etc) ?
Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing seas...
What is Ramsar Convention ? (Ramsar Sites in India)
The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and wise use of wetlands. It is...
What are "Peatlands" ? Peatlands's importance in climate change
Peatlands are a type of wetlands that occur in almost every country on Earth, currently covering 3% of the global land surface. These are heterogeneous mixture of plant material (moss...
What is "Eutrophication" and "Algal bloom" ?
What is "Eutrophication" ? Eutrophication is an enrichment of water by nutrient salts that causes structural changes to the ecosystem such as: increased production of alg...
What is a "mangrove" forest ? (Sundarbans, Bhitarkanika etc)
A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. Mangroves occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics, mainly between latitudes 25° N a...
"Montreal Protocol" on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
The Union Cabine has given its approval for ratification of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer for phase down of Hydroflurocarbons (H...
What is "Minamata Convention on Mercury" ?
The Minamata Convention on Mercury is an international treaty designed to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury comp...
Stockholm Convention on "Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)"
The Cabinet has approved the ratification of seven chemicals listed under Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). The regulation prohibits the manufacture, tr...
UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Established in June, 1994, in Paris (France), the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is the sole legally binding international agreement linking env...
Environment Protection Act, 1986
In the wake of Bhopal gas tragedy 1984, the Government of India authorized the Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution. The act got p...
Wildlife Protection Act 1972
Parliament enacted the Wildlife Protection Act in 1972, the act provides for state wildlife advisory boards, regulations for hunting wild animals and birds, protection of plants...
Biological Diversity Act, 2002
The Biological Diversity Act was enacted in 2002 for the preservation of biological diversity in India, and provides mechanism for equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use ...
What are the Greenhouse gases ?
What is greenhouse effect ? The greenhouse effect is the natural warming of the earth that results when gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun that would otherwise escap...
Turtle conservation in India (Olive Ridley, Green turtle, Loggerhead, Hawksbill, Leatherback)
World Turtle Day is observed on 23rd May to increase attention on conservation of Turtles and Tortoises, the theme for the World Turtle Day 2020 is Adopt, Don't Shop. ...
Most important Species in News : Environment | Prelims 2021
Here is a list of most important species in news for UPSC, UPPSC and other State PSCs Prelims 2021 - The Great Indian Bustard, Egyptian vulture, Asiatic Lion, Pangolin etc....
Rhinoceros (Rhino) Conservation in India
Rhinoceros have a herbivorous diet, small brains for mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure....
Hydrogen fuel and Electric vehicle (EVs)
A fuel cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy using oxidising agents through an oxidation-reduction reaction. Inside each individual Hydrogen fuel cell, hydrog...
Dolphin Conservation in India (Ganges, Indus and Irrawaddy Dolphins)
Ganges River Dolphin Ganges River Dolphins are found throughout the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems of Nepal, India and Bangladesh. ...
Red Panda Conservation in India (Project Red Panda)
The red panda is a carnivoran found in the forests of India, Nepal, Bhutan and the northern mountains of Myanmar and southern China. It is listed as Endangered on...
Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
Convention for the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) also known as Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention, is an international ag...
Action Plan for Introduction of Cheetah in India
The ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change launched the "Action Plan for Introduction of Cheetah in India" at the 19th meeting of the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA). ...
Elephant Conservation: Elephant and Elephant Corridors
Why in news ? 1) Recently, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has directed the Odisha government to prepare an action plan for 14 identified elephant corridors in the state. ...
Lions: Asiatic Lion, African Lion & Lion census 2020
Asiatic Lions The Asiatic Lion (Persian Lion or Indian Lion) is a member of the Panthera Leo Leo subspecies that is restricted to India. Its previous habitats co...