Home General Studies Historiography: Theory & Method
Historiography: Theory & Method Notes for "B.A." & "M.A." University Exams
What is History & Historical analysis (Fact & Evidence)
History is the study of the past - specifically the people, societies, events and problems of the past - as well as our attempts to understand them. It is a narrati...
Relationship of History with other social Sciences (Politics, Economics, Sociology etc)
History is the study of the past - specifically the people, societies, events and problems of the past - as well as our attempts to understand them. Many scholars held...
Theories of history (Random, Cyclical, Great Man, Great Mind etc.)
Theories of history are theories for why things happened the way they did (and possibly what that means for the future). 1) Random Theory One popular idea today is ...
Historical Research methodology (Steps in historical research)
Historical research methodology is the step-by-step structure of the procedures that a historical researcher must follow to produce a worthy research outcome. Research method...
Primary and Secondary Sources in History
All the material which has a direct bearing or can be any assistance in constructing the history of a particular period is called as historical facts or sources. The h...
Verification & Authenticity of Historical Data (External & Internal Criticism)
The data of historical sources is subject to two types of evaluation. These two types are: 1) External evaluation (external criticism) The technique of testing the degr...
Operations in Historiography (Preliminary, Analytical & Synthetic)
Historical research methodology, developed by Niebuhr (1892-1971 AD) and Ranke (1795-1866 AD) and followed ever since, may be divided into four main parts. They are P...
Historiography: Ancient historiography (Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, Greek & Roman)
Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. ...
Historiography: Medieval historiography (Augustine, Bede, Otto, Al-Biruni & Ibn Khaldun)
During the Middle Ages, medieval historiography included the works of chronicles in medieval Europe, Islamic histories by Muslim historians, and the Korean and Japanese historical writings...
Historiography: Renaissance (Petrarch, Biondo, Machiavelli & Guicciardini)
The Renaissance was a glowing period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic "rebirth" following the Middle Ages. Generally described as taking place from ...
Historiography: Enlightenment (Montesquieu, Voltaire, Robertson, Gibbon)
The Age of Enlightenment, or simply the Enlightenment, was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries with global influences an...
Historiography: 19th Century (Romanticism, History as Literature & French Historiography)
The assumption of the philosophers that faith and feeling must submit to reason provoked a romanticist reaction which looked upon life and its interpretation as based more on feeling than...
Historiography: 20th Century (Relativism, Marxist & Economic Historiography)
The 20th-century historiography in major countries is characterized by a move to universities and academic research centers. Historical Relativism In summary, historical r...
Ancient Indian Historiography (Sources, Tradition, Itihasa, Puranas, Charita)
India is thought to be one of the world's first civilised countries, the ancient Indians did, in fact, have a strong sense of history. However, it is widely assumed t...
Medieval Indian Historiography (Delhi Sultanate & Mughal Historiography)
It was in the wake of the Muslim conquest of India that historiography as a deliberate form of cultural expression was introduced into India. The advent of Islam started a gr...
Modern Indian Historiography (British India & Indian nationalist historiography)
Recovery of ancient Indian history One of the positive results of the British conquest of India was the recovery of ancient Indian history on modern lines of historiography. ...
What is "Historicism" ? (Meaning, Variants & Crticism)
"Historism" is a philosophical and historiographical theory, founded in 19th-century Germany and especially influential in 19th and 20th century Europe. In those times there...