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Geography of India Notes for IAS/PCS, Banking, IBPS, SSC & Railway etc
India (area, expansion, time, borders etc)
India is situated north of the equator, mainland extends between 8°4' north to 37°6' north latitude and 68°7' east to 97°25' east longitude. ...
The Himalayas - Formation and Regional Divisions
The Himalayas are the world's youngest and highest mountain range extended almost uninterrupted for a distance of 2,500 km and covering an area of around 5 Lakh square km. ...
Major Mountain Passes in India & Himalayas
A mountain pass comprises of a route through a mountain range, the formation of mountain passes might occur during the formation of the mountain or due to the action of glaciers...
The Great North Indian plains (Indo-Gangetic plains)
The northern plains are about 2400 KM long and 240 to 320 KM broad alluvial deposits brought formed by the interplay of the three major river systems - the Indus, the Ganga, and the Br...
Hills of Central India : Aravalli hills, Vindhyan range & Satpura range
Aravalli hills Aravalli hills originate in Gujarat (at Palanpur) and extend till Haryana, they terminate in the Delhi ridge. They are the oldest (~ 570 mil...
The "Western" and "Eastern" Ghats of India
Western and Eastern Ghats of India and two mountain ranges forming the eastern and western edges, respectively, of the Deccan plateau of peninsular India. The two ranges run roughl...
Highest/Major Mountain Peaks in India & the World
Most of the world's highest mountains are located in the Himalayan mountain range, near the autonomous region of Tibet. Mount Everest's peak is the highest altitude above mea...
The "Ganga" River System
The Ganga river originates as Bhagirathi from the Gangotri Glacier of western Himalayas in the Uttar Kashi District of Uttarakhand. The true source of t...
The "Brahmaputra" River System
The Brahmaputra river is called Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, Siang/Dihang River in Arunachal Pradesh and Luit, Dilao in Assam. It is the ninth largest rive...
Peninsular Rivers in India (Narmada, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri etc)
Peninsula rivers are much older than the Himalayan rivers, they are non-perennial rivers with a maximum discharge in the rainy season. The rivers are characterized by...
The "Indus river" system
The Indus River originates from the Bokhar Chu (बोखार-चू) glacier of Kailas Range in the vicinity of Lake Manasarovar, Tibetan Plateau. The river runs a course...
List of the Indian Cities on River Banks
Rivers are extremely useful for human, they provided early men with water to drink and fish to eat. Here is a list of important cities on river banks in India....
Major Waterfalls in India & the World (Location, River)
A waterfall, defined by National Geographic, is a body of water that cascades down a cliff or rock face into a pool below. Waterfalls are formed through a process of erosion, and t...
Lake and its classification - Major Lakes in India
A lake is a large body of natural water accumulated in a depression. Lake basins are formed due to endogenous geological processes like tectonism and volcanism and exogenous activities li...
Major soils in India - Classification and Properties
The soil is formed when rocks are broken down by the action of wind, water and climate. The characteristic features of a soil depend upon the rocks from which it has been fo...
"Major Dams in India" - related River name and State
Dams are mainly built in order to produce electricity by using water, this form of electricity is known as hydroelectricity. India has 4,407 large dams, the third highest num...
Major tribes in India and the World
A tribe is a social division in a traditional society consisting of families linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect. A tribe posses...
India's Rock System (Archean, Dharwar, Cuddapah, Gondwana etc)
India's geographical land area can be classified into: Archaean System, Dharwar System, Cuddapah System, Vindhyan System, Gondwana System, Deccan Trap, Tertiary System and Quarternary System...
Major mining areas in India : Associated Town and State
Mining in India depends on over 3,100 mines, out of which over 550 are fuel mines, over 560 are mines for metals, and over 1970 are mines for extraction of nonmetals. ...
Oil refineries in India with Location and Capacity
Crude petroleum consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons-solid, liquid, and gaseous. These include compounds belonging to the paraffin series and also some unsaturated hydrocarbons an...
2022 Mineral Data : Top producing States and Country
The following list creates a summary of major producers of different minerals, top producing state in India and top producer in the world. ...
Major Thermal Power Plants In India with Location
The total installed power generation capacity in India is 399.467 GW. [March 2022] Hydroelectric power plants with ≤ 25 MW (0.025 GW) generation capacity are includ...
Nuclear Power Plants in India (Operational, Under Construction & Planned)
Nuclear energy is a clean, environment friendly base load source of power available 24X7. Nuclear power is the fifth-largest source of electricity in India after co...
Important Institutions in India with Location (City/State)
Listed below are some of the Important Institutions in India along with their location (City/State). ...
Distribution of Major Industries in India
The major industries in the Indian Economy are Iron & Steel, Textiles, Jute, Sugar, Cement, Paper, Petrochemical, Automobile, Information Technology (IT), and Banking & Insurance. ...
Major Valleys in India and their Location
A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. The following is a list...
Natural Vegetation and Forest Types in India
According to "Forest Survey report 2021", total forest and tree cover of the country is 80.9 million hectare which is 24.62 percent of the geographical area of the country. ...
Indian Monsoon : Role of jet streams, ITCZ, Tibetan plateau and El Nino
Rising air creates low pressure systems, and sinking air creates high pressure - these high and low pressure systems influence climatic phenomena. ...
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Important Monuments, Heritage Sites and Temples in India
Ajanta Caves The Ajanta Caves are Buddhists caves built in two phases - In the reign of Emperor Ashoka (2nd Century BC) and additions were made during the 5th and 6th centuri...
Important Glaciers in India (Diamir, Siachen, Gangotri etc)
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries. ...