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General Science Notes for UPSC, State PCS and other exams

Important Scientific Salt, Elements, Compounds and Processes

Corundum Extremely hard crystallized alumina, used as an abrasive. Ruby and sapphire are varieties of corundum. ...

Sep 04, 2021 03:42 IST · 4 min read

Acids, Bases, Salts and the pH Scale (Properties, Uses etc)

An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. A base is a molecule or ion ab ...

Sep 22, 2021 16:00 IST · 6 min read

What are Virus, Bacteria and Fungus ?

Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters. Microorganims are widespread in natur ...

Jun 09, 2021 16:25 IST · 6 min read

Biofuels: Generations and Types (Bioethanol, Biodiesel Biogas etc)

Biofuel is any fuel that is derived from biomass - that is, plant or algae material or animal waste. Since such feedstock material can b ...

Jun 08, 2021 15:56 IST · 5 min read

Heat transfer (Conduction, Convection and Radiation)

Heat may be defined as energy in transit from a high temperature object to a lower temperature object. If two bodies at differe ...

May 18, 2021 16:49 IST · 5 min read

What is Acid Rain ? (Causes, Effects and Solutions)

A singapore-flagged cargo ship caught fire near the Colombo beach resulting in the emission of nitrogen dioxide, there could be slight acid rains in t ...

Jun 04, 2021 21:20 IST · 2 min read

What are the Greenhouse gases ?

What is greenhouse effect ? The greenhouse effect is the natural warming of the earth that results when gases in the atmosphere trap ...

Jul 14, 2021 00:26 IST · 5 min read

Scientific Instruments (Apparatus) and their Usage

A scientific instrument is a device or tool used for scientific purposes, including the study of both natural phenomena and theoretical research. ...

Sep 22, 2021 13:56 IST · 1 min read

What Is the Sun's Corona, Sunspots and Solar flares ?

The surface of the Sun has electrically charged gases that generate areas of powerful magnetic fields. The Sun's magnetic field goes through a cycle, ...

Mar 24, 2021 19:21 IST · 1 min read

What happens during a solar eclipse , explained

A solar eclipse is a natural phenomenon, which occurs when the new Moon moves between the Sun and Earth and blocks sunlight coming from sun to cast a ...

May 25, 2021 19:34 IST · 1 min read

Major physical quantities and their Units

The first table lists the base quantities used in the International System of Units to define the physical dimension of physical quantities for dimens ...

Sep 22, 2021 12:54 IST · 1 min read

Electromagnetic Waves (Ultraviolet, infrared rays, X-rays etc)

Electromagnetic waves include different types of waves: visible light, ultraviolet, infrared rays, X-rays and gamma-rays etc. Electroma ...

Sep 27, 2021 14:31 IST · 1 min read

Common diseases and their causative agents

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not due to a ...

Mar 07, 2021 16:44 IST · 1 min read

Nitrogen cycle - Fixation, Assimilation, Ammonification, Nitrification & Denitrification

Nitrogen cycle is the circulation and conversion of nitrogen into multiple chemical forms as it circulates from the atmosphere to the soil t ...

May 14, 2021 19:18 IST · 4 min read

Glands (Endocrine & Exocrine) and Hormones in Human Body

A gland is an organ which produces and releases substances that perform a specific function in the body. Though we have many glands throughout the bod ...

May 18, 2021 22:12 IST · 8 min read

What are Micronutrients (Vitamins and Minerals) ?

Nutrients are compounds in foods essential to life and health, providing us with energy, the building blocks for repair and growth and substances nece ...

Oct 26, 2020 10:43 IST · 6 min read

What are "Proteins" ? (Structure, & Classification)

Basically, proteins are the fundamental building blocks and most abundant molecules present in living system, they forms about 60% of ...

Sep 04, 2021 04:37 IST · 5 min read

What are "Carbohydrates" (carbs) ?

They are called carbohydrates as they comprise carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen at their chemical level. The main function of carbohydrates is to ...

Oct 14, 2020 14:35 IST · 3 min read

Fats - Unsaturated fats and Saturated fats

Fats are one of the three main macronutrient groups in human diet, along with carboh ...

Feb 09, 2021 23:24 IST · 4 min read

What are "DNA", "RNA" and "Ribosomes" ?

What is Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Deoxyribonucleic acid, commonly known as DNA, is the hereditary complex molecule present in human ...

Mar 16, 2021 10:03 IST · 3 min read

Phases of the Moon - New Moon, Full Moon

As the Moon orbits around the Earth, the half of the Moon that faces the Sun lit up, the different shapes of the lit portion of the Moon can be ...

May 25, 2021 17:24 IST · 2 min read
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